I had the same issue after ios 8.1 update. Iphone told me icloud backup was not completed because I did not have enough space which I do have enough space. So I deleted my backup from icloud. NOW my iphone does have a opinion in the icloud menu to even do a backup. Apple you have an issue here!!!
This is my big problem with Apple support: they know they have an issue (or should know) but they never let anyone know until they are good and ready to put out an update.
Apple you could avoid a lot of user frustration and anxiety if they would just knowledge these kind of issues ASPA and let us know when is will be fixed.
Instead I spend two hours fishing around for an answer that isn't available yet, with no way to even know if Apple is even aware that they have a problem that needs to be address.
Apple you need to put up a know issue page....please!!