Bootcamp not working after Yosemite update

Can you post a text version of sudo gpt -vv -r show /dev/disk0?

The 781864960/1257201663/475336704 start/end/size is inside your OSX partition which is bit more tricky than the usual suspects.

The Gdisk tool will not let you define overlapping partitions. Your OS X partitions ends at 858777823, Recovery HD starts on the next byte.

The start of 781864960, as discovered by Testdisk, is sitting in your main OS X partition. My suspicion is that the Yosemite upgrade has a bug in calculating the correct placement of partition headers, causing such problems.

This is the first time I have seen Testdisk point inside the OS X partition. To get your Windows partition back, there are the following implications

1. You will lose your RecoveryHD, but it can be recreated once Windows is working, by re-installing Yosemite (without touching any of your files).

2. You will also

a. either lose all of your OSX partition, or,

b. at least parts of it, which starts at 781864960 and currently ends at 858777823. This can compromise your OS X partition.

Before any of this is done, you should backup OS X using Time Machine or some other tool.

Another option is to look at a tool called PhotoRec (referenced on the Testdisk web page), extract all your files from this start/end/size found by Testdisk, and remove Windows after you confirm that you have all files you need, and re-install Windows and all your software from scratch .

You need to decide which path should be pursued further.

Yes, please run PhotoRec and extract all files that you need from this partition, before any steps to modify are executed.

Instead of my translation, I suggest looking at http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec_Step_By_Step especially http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec_Step_By_Step#Source_partition_selection.

I would also suggest installing OS X on an external drive to allow boot ability because the internal OS X partition may not work once GPT changes are made.

1. Boot from the external drive, because the following set of steps will render OS X almost useless and corrupted.

2. In Yosemite Upgrade Broke Bootcamp there is a set of 5 steps to delete GPT#4 and recreate it with what Testdisk indicates as the start/end/size triplet. In your case, because the start is somewhere within your GPT#2 (please double check before you make any changes), you will need to delete GPT#2, #3 and #4 and recreate GPT#2 with 781864960/1257201663 as start/end.

3. One thing that bothers me a bit is that your first screen shows Bootcamp is about 559Gb, but the start/end/size is only 226GB. If you are very certain that the pre-upgrade size is about 600GB, you may want to consider using the end to be at 1953523711 (one byte before the backup GPT starts). This will give the entire disk to Windows, after GPT#1 till the end of the disk. In Step 2 above, the current GPT#2,3,4 are being deleted anyway, so it is practically the whole disk.

4. Your Hybrid MBR creation (in the referenced article, it is step 5) will only be the new GPT#2, and it will be marked bootable, so you will have only two entries in your Fdisk output.

5. You mentioned Paragon NTFS, so it's effect is unknown at this point.

6. Did you upgrade from Mavericks to Yosemite or from Snow Leopard to Yosemite?

Please ask questions, before we commit to going down this path.

Yosemite expects you to have your own TM backups. If the partition was greater than 226GB, one option is to have OS X end a byte before the start from Testdisk which will become GPT#2 and GPT#3 will become Windows from the Testdisk start till the end of the disk.