Connect your iPhone to your computer's iTunes and do File > Devices > Transfer Purchases - that should copy PDFs and/or epubs that are in the iBooks app on it, not just actual ibooks. If you are using a Mac with Mavericks or Yosemite on it then do File > Move Books From iTunes in its iBooks app to copy them into it. You can them sync them from your computer's iTunes to your iPad.
The Settings > iBooks > Sync Collections on your iPhone and iPad doesn't copy items between devices, all it does is if you move a book or PDF into a collection on one device, then if it's also on your other device(s) then it will be moved into the same collection on it. You need to do the actual copying of your books/PDFs onto each device that you want them on yourself.