So, bit of a long post but this is a vexing problem for some (including me).
I am having the same problem with my iPhone 6 (iOS 9.1). The problems seems to have started either after the iOS devices were recently updated to 9.1 or possibly after I updated the last of 3 Mac computers to El Capitan. I have a late 2009 iMac with El Capitan. I also have a 21.5" iMac and a 200? MacBook Pro, both with El Capitan. The last computer (iMac 27") was updated to El Capitan with in the last 2 weeks. I have my phone setup to sync with the 27" iMac (not to the cloud). My data went over this past month (5gb plan) for the first time in years. I have an iPad Air that was also using cellular data at a high rate. In addition, my wife has an iPhone 5S (with its own Apple ID) and it started eating data as well. All of the devices are set to sync to the 27" iMac.
After reading this thread I have done the following:
Turned off iCloud Drive on all iOS devices
Turned off iCloud drive on the 27" and 21.5" iMacs (the MacBook Pro is at the office as must be sleeping at this point - I'll turn iCloud off on that computer in the morning)
Turned off iCloud drive on all iOS devices
Did a fresh restore on all iOS devices
Data continued to accumulate primarily under "Documents & Sync"
I then turned off keychain on all iOS devices and the 27" and 21.5" iMacs. This seems to have stopped the cellular data usage on my iPhone 6.
Because I was first alerted to the data issue by a text message from my wireless carrier, I'm not sure when the increased data usage started (in the past billing cycle which ended November 19th). I'm also not sure exactly what date I updated the last computer (iMac 27") to El Capitan. I plan on calling my wireless carrier to see if they can provide me with a tracking of daily data usage for the past month. Then I'll check with Apple Support to see if they are able to tell me what date I updated the final computer (iMac 27") to El Capitan.
I'm not sure what has caused the problem; ElCapitan upgrade on the last computer (the one I sync and backup my IOS devices to), or the upgrade to iOS 9.1 or a combination of the two.
It looks, at this point that keychain is complicit as shutting it down on every Apple device is the only thing that has stopped the data accumulation on my iPhone 6 (haven't checked the other devices yet).
I'll update this once I have the additional information.