I'm still on Mountain Lion (didn't trust Mavericks and haven't gotten around to upgrading to Yosemite yet), but based on my machine . . .
You don't need a printer that can receive faxes, just a fax modem. These days, that usually comes in the form of a small box (easily fits in your hand) attached to a short cord with a USB plug on the end. Mine is an inexpensive one by US Robotics.
My printer, a Brother, is also NOT a fax machine. But I can still send faxes - well, sometimes. Our phone line is "dirty" (a bad pair, my husband says - though we do have a couple of splits up the line). The problem is Apple offers little in the way of fax software.
You should see a "Fax to PDF" option. You can make sure your machine sees your modem by going to System Preferences (using Launch Pad) and opening Printer & Scan under the Hardware section. Then you can click the Open Fax Queue box at the top and a small window will open up telling you the status of the fax you are trying to send.
This is ALL you get. There must be a log file somewhere, but I haven't found any easily accessible record showing what faxes went out/came in - the information fax programs usually include. So to know if the fax actually went, you have to be watching it live.
All that said, the faxes I am trying to send at the moment aren't going through, so I have to drag out my ancient windows laptop and hook it up. It RELIABLY sends faxes, and keeps all the pertinent information about them for me to look at later.
