Adam has pointed out that Apple clearly cautions users that they should not touch the SyncServices folder, though I must say that from my point of view, this was simply the quick and dirty way of saying, "If you break it, you own it."
I'm confident that removing only the two files I identified from the Local folder stored inside the SyncServices folder will not 'break' your configuration, and should directly address the problem you describe. The Sync Services framework is a complex software mechanism, and their warning to users not to touch that folder is generally warranted, but you cannot fix the problem without removing those two files.
I look forward to the day when Apple itself offers an official, detailed list of steps for users to follow to identify and correct synchronization problems. That day, however, is likely far away…
In the meantime, if you're curious, here is an Apple Developer document which explains how the Sync Services framework operates:
http://developer.apple.com/macosx/syncservices.html