Ok, solved it by resetting the PRAM (ALT+CMD+P+R while booting, you can find detailed steps anywhere on the interwebs)
I believe the resolution changed, so it wasn't a "zoom" issue afterall.
When you are in your startup/logon screen (the screen where you type your password) try pressing ALT+CMD+F5 (you might have to press Fn too to get to F5 instead of the keyboard-light button). You'll be presented with all sorts of accessibility options, one of the first ones is the zoom function. But it doesn't seem active, because the zoom-slider is already on its lowest value.
Anyway, clearing the PRAM should fix your issue.