"Is there any way to reinstall the SMC??"
Well not sure how these were done when they were manufactured, but the SMC is actually a chip on the logic board;
http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/New-For-MACBOOK-PRO-A1278-SMC-EC-CHIP-i5 -i7-CPU-P-N-820-3115-B/835633_1445006991.html
So while it might be possible to redo the firmware in the SMC the only other way would be to remove the current chip and replace it.
So basically the overall answer is no!
"I think that this update is the problem..."
Did you get messages to install the update? Given that it was posted in Nov. 2011?
Are you sure the update failed?
Wait....
" Without battery installed i ran this: MacBook Pro SMC Firmware Update 1.5"
I've never tried a SMC firmware update without the battery installed!
So you still have that update on your computer?
http://support.apple.com/kb/DL1474
You might see if it will run again now that you have an actual battery in there.
Don't panic if this happens:
"When your computer restarts a gray screen will appear with a status bar to indicate the progress of the update."
That's normal!