Hi there,
The short answer is yes it is fine.
In theory, the Ideal amplifier should have zero impedance, and the ideal headphone should have infinite impedance.
This however is impossible in the real world, so we tend to stick with the 1/8 rule:-
Your headphones are 300Ω impedance (HD600), thus the maximum impedance of your amplifier should be is 300Ω/8 = 37.5Ω.
The specs spudnuty posted suggest the mac headphone port impedance is <24Ω. Thus the HD600 easy meets the 1/8th rule.
As for 'amplification', I have the 2.7GHz, 13" Macbook Pro Retina (early 2015), and a pair of HD600 too.
At full volume, I can only listen to them for about 10 seconds... At a guess, I would say it's about 120 dB(SPL), Its PAINFULLY LOUD!
The truth is, the built in sound is surprisingly good!
Cheers,
SuperkidMCSD.