Hi Liminie,
It seems you would like more information about USB port speeds. Although your MacBook Pro w/ Retina Display features USB 3.0 ports, the transfer speed will vary based on the destination. If your thumb drive is USB 2.0, the transfer will be at those speeds. The following article provides more information which you may find helpful:
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201163
If the device end of the cable fits into the connector on the device, yes. However, because it has fewer wires, you won't get USB 3 speed and power may be limited to 500 mA.
Thank you for contributing to Apple Support Communities.
Take care,
Bobby_D