iCloud Photo Library is not designed to be a cloud-only storage service. The photos kept in iCloud Photo Library are also on all of the devices where you have turned iCloud Photo Library on and any photos added to or deleted from one device are automatically synced to iCloud Photo Library and to the other devices. You can reduce the storage space required on your phone (and also on any other devices) by going to Settings > Photos & Camera and placing a checkmark in front of Optimize Storage. More details in iCloud Photo Library FAQ - Apple Support
Apple does not offer any cloud-only storage options. If that is a requirement there are 3rd parties that do. You could also make the suggestion to Apple at https://www.apple.com/feedback/icloud.html