Your setup should work.. as it stands.. but the TP-Link should be in WAP mode or WAN Bypass.
Go back to your original picture.
Virgin modem working as router (although having it bridged and the TC as main router is also fine).
Then the TP-Link (what model is this exactly??)
Should be in bridge .. which in this case means router bridge not wireless bridge. Unfortunately the terms are easily confused.
The easiest way IMHO is to use WAN bypass.
In the TP-Link router set the IP to something on the same network as the existing devices.. better though if outside the DHCP range.
eg.. virgin router is 192.168.1.1 (I have no idea what it actually is.. so you will need to fill that in).
Lets say the TC gets an IP of 192.168.1.10 from it.. could be anything.. and it is better to set it so it doesn't change.
Give the TP-Link a different IP.. and here is where you can strike problems.. Lets give it an IP of 192.168.1.100 but tell me if it doesn't stick.. or refuses the IP.. I have tried this setup and had issues..
Anyway .. if you can set the IP correctly to something in the range.. then turn off the dhcp in the TP-Link.
Plug your EOP adapter.. LAN of the upstairs to LAN of the TP-Link.. (hence the name.. bypass the WAN).
This is successful for 90% of routers. TP-Link routers sometimes have preset IP addresses that are not allowed.. it is always assumed that the TP-Link is going to be the main router.. but you can work around it..
It is going to help loads to have an actual model number.
And I want IP addresses of virgin modem and the TC.. I also want you to set the TC to always get the same IP otherwise this is really unreliable.
You can use this method to setup the TC..
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5981989?answerId=25135547022#25135547022&ac_cid=tw123456#