Why can I only use 2.48 GB RAM in Boot Camp (Win 8.1 Pro, 64-bit)?

Hello, I am fairly new to the iMac and I have to use some programs in Windows that are not available for Mac so I set up Boot Camp and installed Windows 8.1.


My iMac is a I7-2600 CPU @ 3.4GHz with 16 GB RAM, system type-bit. Under system in Windows it shows Installed memory (RAM) 16 GB (2.48 GB usable).


I read about this problem and most answers are related to people using 32-bit. So what is wrong in my case, where is the problem?


Thank you in advance for help and suggestions.

iMac, OS X Yosemite (10.10.3)

Posted on May 3, 2015 11:52 AM

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Posted on May 4, 2015 8:04 PM

Your 2011 iMac is a preUEFI Mac (all Macs prior to Late 2013 models are). The preUEFI Macs support varying degrees of EFI boot capability, but do not fully comply with UEFI specifications. This causes various BC drivers to work, not work, or partially work, depending the year of the Mac and the OS used.


There are two methods that have been "successful" in working around broken Optical drives (apart from replacing it).


1. http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?p=20584499#post20584499

2. Bootcamp without Optical disc drive


My recommendation is to remove Windows using BC Assistant (only, nothing else), and then try either of these two methods. You want a legacy BIOS installation (aka Hybrid MBR method). The CSM-BIOS layer correctly exposes hardware for preUEFI machines. It will also address your memory visibility issue.

195 replies

Jun 5, 2015 7:54 AM in response to Loner T

I click on the optical drive with the Windows DVD, I click on restore, chose the destination (which is the small partition of disk0) and then I click on restore. That results in: Restore failure. Could not validate source - error 254


I was following those steps:


Restore a disk image with a single partition to a disk

  1. Select a disk in the sidebar, then click Restore.
  2. Drag the disk image to the Source field.You can drag the disk image from the list at the left, the Finder, or a web browser.
  3. Drag the disk that will hold the contents of the disk image to the Destination field.
  4. Click the Restore button.

Jun 5, 2015 3:25 PM in response to Loner T

I tried the following afterwards:


/dev/disk0

#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER

0: FDisk_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk0

1: Windows_NTFS 1TB Boot 10.1 GB disk0s1

2: Windows_NTFS 1TB Windows 990.1 GB disk0s2


sudo dd if=/Users/MSSD/Win81.iso of=/dev/rdisk0s1 bs=1m

which resulted in


4991+1 records in

4991+1 records out

5234294784 bytes transferred in 47.563281 secs (110049069 bytes/sec)


The problem is: it's not on the 1TB partition (which is disk0s1).

Jun 5, 2015 7:31 PM in response to Loner T

It is mounted, however after using the terminal command the name of the partition is changed to disk0s1 and then when I want to do anything with it I got "resource busy". After reboot I can access it again.


Maybe the RESTORE idea is worth looking further into, the SuperDrive starts for a moment but then this error 256 appears.


Why is it so hard on a MAC to boot from something else than the internal SuperDrive or the hard disk?

Jun 5, 2015 8:25 PM in response to Mortandos

Look at man nvram and the example section. The first one on Yosemite says

example% nvram boot-args="-s rd=*hd:10"


Set the boot-args variable to "-s rd=*hd:10". This would specify single user mode with the root device in hard

drive partition 10.

The description does not explicitly say what rd is but rd is the root device based on the following part. You can specify the rd to be any partition which is visible on a connected disk. In your case it should be partition 1. You can run this command with your OS X connected and point to "*hd:1", reboot and disconnect the external OS X disk and see if it will boot from the dd'ed ISO image.


In my case, if the DU process completes, I can just power cycle, and hold the Alt key and I can boot from the ISO image on the internal drive. The other option is to use Rufus USB or diskpart to build a USB to boot from.

Jun 6, 2015 11:44 AM in response to Loner T

maybe I misunderstood.


1) How is disk0 supposed to be formatted? MBR OR GUI? (I keep reading you can't boot if it's not GUI).

2) How are the partitions (small 10 GB Boot and the big one) supposed to be formatted? FAT is out of the question because of the file limitation, so it's either exFat or NTFS (I have Tuxera).

3) Do you want me to copy the .iso file on the small boot partition or mount the ,iso and then copy the files?

Jun 6, 2015 2:49 PM in response to Mortandos

You can boot from either MBR or GPT. For example, on MacPro machines, where you have more than one disk drive, the Windows drive can be formatted as MBR, and the Windows installation is NTFS. You cannot boot OS X from MBR, but you can boot Windows from MBR disks.


You do not need to format the small 10GB partition. It can be free space and can be at the end of the disk. DD should make it the same format as the source since you are overwriting it anyway.


If you are planning to copy files, I suggest making it exFAT. If you have Tuxera, make it NTFS.

Jun 6, 2015 5:31 PM in response to Loner T

Ok, right now this is how my internal drive looks:



Disk Description : ST31000528AS Media
Total Capacity : 1 TB (1,000,204,886,016 Bytes)


Connection Bus : SATA
Write Status : Read/Write


Connection Type : Internal
S.M.A.R.T. Status : Verified


Partition Map Scheme : GUID Partition Table


Mount Point : /Volumes/Windows Capacity : 999.99 GB (999,993,376,768 Bytes)


Format : ExFAT
Available : 994.72 GB (994,716,024,832 Bytes)


Owners Enabled : No
Used : 5.24 GB (5,244,846,080 Bytes)


Number of Folders : 0
Number of Files : 40,015


Back to question number 3:


How / what do you want me to copy on there? The .iso file? The single files? Just copy & paste in the finder?


The DD / restore didn't work before.

Jun 6, 2015 8:01 PM in response to Mortandos

So far I have tested this on a 2008 MBA running SL 10.6.8 (I do not have any other available machine till I can get a 2010 MBP for testing).


1. Disk is GPT.

2. Create a 4GB exFAT partition.

3. Copy the contents of W7 ISO to this partition. The installer should not have files larger than 2GB.

4. Use Fdisk to make this partition bootable.

5. Use bless

sudo /usr/sbin/bless --verbose --device /dev/disk0s3 --setBoot --legacy --nextonly

6. Restart (first time I had no bootable device which was corrected with steps 4 and 5).


I have done a couple of SMC Reset and NVRAM resets to diagnose what is going on. Using the NVRAM command works, but I want to try and get it to the normal BC behavior as much as possible.

If I make further progress (rather unlikely), I will post an update.

Here is output of the bless command.

sudo bless --verbose --device /dev/disk0s3 --setboot --nextonly --legacy

Password:

EFI found at IODeviceTree:/efi

Firmware feature mask: 0xC0003FFF

Firmware features: 0xC0003513

Legacy mode suppported

Got IODeviceTree:/rom

Got start address ffc00000

Got size 390000

Found ATA interconnect in protocol characteristics

IOGUIDPartitionScheme

OWC Drive OWC Drive

IOBlockStorageDriver

IOATABlockStorageDevice

AppleATADiskDriver

ATADeviceNub

AppleIntelPIIXPATA

PRID

AppleIntelPIIXATARoot

PATA

AppleACPIPCI

PCI0

AppleACPIPlatformExpert

MacBookAir1,1

Root

Setting EFI NVRAM:

efi-boot-next='<array><dict><key>MemoryType</key><integer size="32">0xb</integer><key>StartingAddress</key><integer size="64">0xffc00000</integer><key>IOEFIDevicePathType</key><string>HardwareMem oryMapped</string><key>EndingAddress</key><integer size="64">0xfff8ffff</integer></dict><dict><key>IOEFIDevicePathType</key><strin g>MediaFirmwareVolumeFilePath</string><key>Guid</key><string>2B0585EB-D8B8-49A9- 8B8C-E21B01AEF2B7</string></dict><dict><key>IOEFIBootOption</key><string>HD</str ing></dict></array>'

Setting EFI NVRAM:

IONVRAM-DELETE-PROPERTY='efi-boot-file'

Setting EFI NVRAM:

IONVRAM-DELETE-PROPERTY='efi-boot-mkext'

NVRAM variable "boot-args" not set.

Jun 6, 2015 9:32 PM in response to Loner T

Let's get back to that a little later please. I was still at the previous step, I ran the fdisk command, I didn't use bless but after the reboot for the first time the Windows setup came up. However I couldn't install Windows because now I get the error message that it cannot be installed on the big partition since it's MBR and not GUID.

Jun 6, 2015 9:51 PM in response to Loner T

Here is the output of the fdisk command:


Disk: /dev/disk0 geometry: 121601/255/63 [1953525168 sectors]

Signature: 0xAA55

Starting Ending

#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size]

------------------------------------------------------------------------

*1: 07 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 2 - 19793400] HPFS/QNX/AUX

2: 07 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 19793403 - 1933731765] HPFS/QNX/AUX

3: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused

4: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused

Jun 6, 2015 9:58 PM in response to Loner T

Ok, I will try this again but do I create the second (big partition) after step 2 or 3 or later after the reboot?


The bless command - the disk0s is 1 (small) or 2 (big partition)?


1. Disk is GPT.

2. Create a 4GB exFAT partition.

3. Copy the contents of W7 ISO to this partition. The installer should not have files larger than 2GB.

4. Use Fdisk to make this partition bootable.

5. Use bless

sudo /usr/sbin/bless --verbose --device /dev/disk0s3 --setBoot --legacy --nextonly

6. Restart (first time I had no bootable device which was corrected with steps 4 and 5).


Is that the correct use of the fdisk command (if not please advice):


Setting Your Partition "Active" Using Fdisk


Words in bold below are things you must type (followed by Enter).


1. Boot your Mac OS X install dvd

2. Once the installer is running, go to the Utilities menu and open Terminal


3. Determine which disk your MacOSX partition is on

Type diskutil list


Verify which disk number holds your partition (disk0, disk1, etc.)


4. Start using Fdisk

Assuming the MacOSX disk is the first disk ("disk0"), then
type fdisk -e /dev/rdisk0 <== use "rdisk" with your disk number here !!


Ignore the error "fdisk: could not open MBR file ..."


5. Determine which partition for MacOSX needs to be set "Active"

Type p


Verify which partition is for MacOSX (1, 2, 3, etc.)


6. Set the partition "Active"

Assuming it is partition 1, then
type f 1 <== use your partition number here !!


7. Save and exit

Type write


Type y (yes you are sure)


Type exit (to quit)


8. Remove the install DVD and reboot

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Why can I only use 2.48 GB RAM in Boot Camp (Win 8.1 Pro, 64-bit)?

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