Just so you follow.
If you plug the USB3 drive into the AE it is reduced to USB2.
It could never reach 5Gbps because of mechanical drives anyway.. but it can get close to gigabit.
But the USB2 in a router is hard to achieve transfer speeds greater than half of USB port speed.. so 240Mbps.
You do however need to take wireless speeds into account.
Wireless can only manage real world transfer speeds of between half and quarter of the link speed.. so realistically USB2 may not be that slow cf the speed of the wireless.
Nor is a cheap end NAS that fast..
Out of your selection.
4TB WD My Cloud Ethernet NAS drive
4TB WD My Book USB 3.0 drive (The AE only supports USB 2.0)
4TB Seagate Central Ethernet NAS drive
4TB Seagate Expansion USB 3.0 drive.
It is always good to look at the tests in smallnetbuilder.
http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/nas/nas-reviews/32109-seagate-central-reviewed
The seagate had a test read of 34MB/s and write of only 18MB/s. This is very poor.
The WD MyCloud performed much better.
http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/nas/nas-reviews/32244-wd-my-cloud-reviewed?start= 4
It is still well off the peak speed of gigabit.. but they tested with read speed which is the most crucial one 62.5MB/s although people have reported much slower speed in more real world setups.
Also these tests are PC world stuff.. and Mac efficiency in reading and writing files can be quite different..
However I think in most cases wireless is going to be slower than either USB or Ethernet connected drive.. however to me the ethernet is still more robust.