Here are the answers to your questions.
1. The drive is external.
3.
A. Diskutil list
/dev/disk0
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: GUID_partition_scheme *121.3 GB disk0
1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1
2: Apple_CoreStorage 121.0 GB disk0s2
3: Apple_Boot Boot OS X 134.2 MB disk0s3
/dev/disk1
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk1
1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk1s1
2: Apple_CoreStorage 999.3 GB disk1s2
3: Apple_Boot Recovery HD 650.1 MB disk1s3
/dev/disk2
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD *1.1 TB disk2
Logical Volume on disk0s2, disk1s2
AB225C8E-464D-4219-8BA4-5D8B47E20A95
Unencrypted Fusion Drive
/dev/disk3
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: GUID_partition_scheme *5.0 TB disk3
1: EFI EFI 314.6 MB disk3s1
2: Microsoft Basic Data Untitled 1 5.0 TB disk3s2
/dev/disk6
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: J_CCSA_X64FRE_EN-US... *4.0 GB disk6
B. Diskutil cs list
CoreStorage logical volume groups (1 found)
|
+-- Logical Volume Group 96AF5E69-0F60-403A-A302-AFC93E86D4AB
=========================================================
Name: Macintosh HD
Status: Online
Size: 1120333864960 B (1.1 TB)
Free Space: 0 B (0 B)
|
+-< Physical Volume 1AFE3854-4D76-4564-9689-E26B47A1B114
| ----------------------------------------------------
| Index: 0
| Disk: disk0s2
| Status: Online
| Size: 120988852224 B (121.0 GB)
|
+-< Physical Volume DAD3FCBB-D4CE-4E8A-8765-C8EFDEDF57C0
| ----------------------------------------------------
| Index: 1
| Disk: disk1s2
| Status: Online
| Size: 999345012736 B (999.3 GB)
|
+-> Logical Volume Family 5B8AB772-722C-4658-A0A7-C3CB04BB6896
----------------------------------------------------------
Encryption Status: Unlocked
Encryption Type: None
Conversion Status: NoConversion
Conversion Direction: -none-
Has Encrypted Extents: No
Fully Secure: No
Passphrase Required: No
|
+-> Logical Volume AB225C8E-464D-4219-8BA4-5D8B47E20A95
---------------------------------------------------
Disk: disk2
Status: Online
Size (Total): 1114478608384 B (1.1 TB)
Conversion Progress: -none-
Revertible: No
LV Name: Macintosh HD
Volume Name: Macintosh HD
Content Hint: Apple_HFS
C. sudo gpt -vv -r show /dev /disk0
gpt show: /dev/disk0: mediasize=121332826112; sectorsize=512; blocks=236978176
gpt show: /dev/disk0: PMBR at sector 0
gpt show: /dev/disk0: Pri GPT at sector 1
gpt show: /dev/disk0: Sec GPT at sector 236978175
start size index contents
0 1 PMBR
1 1 Pri GPT header
2 32 Pri GPT table
34 6
40 409600 1 GPT part - C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
409640 236306352 2 GPT part - 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
236715992 262144 3 GPT part - 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
236978136 7
236978143 32 Sec GPT table
236978175 1 Sec GPT header
D. sudo fdisk /dev /disk0
usage: fdisk [-ieu] [-f mbrboot] [-c cyl -h head -s sect] [-S size] [-r] [-a style] disk
-i: initialize disk with new MBR
-u: update MBR code, preserve partition table
-e: edit MBRs on disk interactively
-f: specify non-standard MBR template
-chs: specify disk geometry
-S: specify disk size
-r: read partition specs from stdin (implies -i)
-a: auto-partition with the given style
-d: dump partition table
-y: don't ask any questions
-t: test if disk is partitioned
`disk' is of the form /dev/rdisk0.
auto-partition styles:
boothfs 8Mb boot plus HFS+ root partition (default)
hfs Entire disk as one HFS+ partition
dos Entire disk as one DOS partition
raid Entire disk as one 0xAC partition
I hope I did this right. If anything is wrong, feel free to ask for me to change it.