I had just updated my OSX when I started getting this screen. Tried Start Up Manager/Internet Recovery ala this article: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204323
When trying to restore from Time Machine back up- it CAN find all my Time Machine back ups from my AirPort, but cannot find any disk when searching for a destination. Same sort of problem when trying to reinstall OS X Lion.
Disk Utility finds "disk0" and "Mac OS X Base System" under the disk0, I can't seem to use First Aid/Erase/Restore on either. Capacity of disk0 is 1.39 GB, which is weird, so I have no real clue what it is. It feels like I'm either maybe missing a step or overlooking something that'll help- please help me re-find my start up disk!