Q: How do I force a restart?

If only one application is displaying the beachball, force quit it.

If the entire OS is unresponsive, press and hold the power button until the computer shuts down, and then press the button again to turn it back on.

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To ‘Force Quit’ hold down the Option+Command+Esc keys. Select the app you to force quit and click on the Force Quit button.

Control-Command-Eject - Will Quit all applications after giving you a chance to save open documents and then will re-start the computer

Control-Option-Command-Eject - Will Quit all applications after giving you a chance to save open documents and then will shut down the computer

As a follow Up...Print out these keyboard shortcuts they will come in handy from time to time.

Mac keyboard shortcuts - Apple Support