Another potential cause is a bug in your cellular service provider's voice mail notification system. Ascending in an elevator enables your iPhone to connect to cellular tower sites not otherwise available while on the ground floor.
Come to think of it I believe that is a much more likely cause than interaction between a pressure sensor and voice mail... that make no sense to me at all.
Please contact AppleCare using the Contact Us link below. You will have to endure the indignity of going through useless motions until you finally get the attention of someone higher up. Apple works very closely with its cellular service partners and as I wrote I think that's where the culprit lies.
FWIW I had a remotely similar issue (local time not displaying properly, but only on an upper floor vs. ground level). Apple was very interested in it and it has since been fixed.