I've spent many, many years dealing with similar... My own personal MacBook Pro has always been used for gaming on Windows, which unavoidably comes with really high temperatures...
A few things to make note of in my experience:
The MacBooks and their individual (relevant) components are pretty smart and have protections built into them to prevent damage from overheating... Essentially, if your processors ever reach a temperature designated "dangerous" by Intel, they will shut themselves down. Built into the chips. Cannot be avoided or changed (which is a good thing!).
Having said that, anything over 100 degrees celsius is entering dangerous ground. The century-ceiling (+1) is where I personally start taking note and will begin considering taking action to prevent things from going any further... This is always going to be a particular issue when running Windows due to a whole slew of different, interrelated factors. As such I'm always sure to run additional software that enables me to modify the behaviour of the coolling system in my device - setting things so that the device tries for cooler temperatures sooner than it otherwise would do with just the base configuration.
Others may (probably will) tell you otherwise, but I'm just sharing my own personal experience from the last decade... While the generally-high temperatures really bugged me in the beginning, I quickly learned to just chill once I had a few extra protections in place (as above) and continue doing my thing (in this particular case, generally, gaming) until and unless temperatures went above 100. But up to and including that point, well it just became something I learned to expect and live with.
I had one particular MacBook that lasted 9 years as a gaming machine using it as described. And the only reason it didn't go on longer was because of an ill-placed bucket of water from the cleaning lady.
I hope this look into my own personal experiences helps some.