Here's how to solve this problem definitively without fail.
(If you have a bona fide Windows 10 license key, that is.)
Note, there are SEVERAL OFFICIAL DOWNLOAD SITES FOR WINDOWS 10 ON MICROSOFT'S WEBSITE.
There is a specific download website for Mac OS X users seeking an ISO to create an install disk to be used with bootcamp.
Here is the specific download site mentioned above: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10ISO
You can also navigate to the above link logically from, wait for it, an actual Apple support page: https://support.apple.com/en-gb/HT204990
(But I won't be too smug since I made exactly the same mistake as others reading this before I worked out a solution).
Generic Windows 10 iso download sites look like they will do, but we all know from experience that they will provide ISOs which will invoke the error messages that are well-known in this thread.
It's not entirely clear what discernible differences there are in the ISOs themselves, though I noted the 'correct' ISO was at least 2 G larger than the one I downloaded from the generic Windows 10 ISO site.
Get the ISO that MSFT specifically says is meant for bootcamp and it will work.
Enjoy.