I am facing exactly the same issue: I've bought an iPhone 7 and need a backup my iPhone 6, which has used 80 Gb of its 128 total, and wanted an iCloud backup (not iTunes), so I upgraded to 200 Gb of iCloud storage (confirmed that the upgrade did give me the additional storage), went to Settings > iCloud > Backup > Backup Now (yes, iCloud is turned on). It says it is backing up, and shows a tiny bit of the blue progress line, but it just spins and spins, with no "estimated time remaining". I turned the phone off, left it for 15 minutes, then turned it on and tried again (either manually as described above, or plugged into outlet, wifi on, screen locked) -- no luck. I have looked through all of the Troubleshooting info, cited (below) by Eric Root, which is of no help with this particular issue. I had read through all of that long before attempting this manual backup, and finally looking for help in the forum here!