Howdy KevBot1597,
Thanks for using the Apple Support Communities.
I see you have questions about moving content from your iPhone to your Mac. The act of syncing in iTunes is taking content in your iTunes library and putting it on to your iPhone, not the other way around. However, ou can transfer previous purchases, and also import the photos from your iPhone to your Mac.
Sync photos from your computer to your iOS device using iTunes - Apple Support
Redownload or transfer your iTunes Store purchases from an iPhone, iPad or iPod to a computer - Apple Support
If there's other content such as contacts and calendars on your iPhone that you'd like on your Mac, then you can enable iCloud syncing for those items on the iPhone and on your Mac.
Apple - iCloud - Learn how to set up iCloud on all your devices.
Cheers.