Hey Esteban,
I understand that you're wondering about the viability of using your iCloud email on your Android device with two-step verification enabled for your Apple ID. This can, indeed be done, and is facilitated by creating an app-specific password for the device that you're setting your account up on. App-specific passwords can only be generated after passing two-step authentication, and are generated for specific applications (the mail app on your Android phone), allowing them to authenticate to your account. More information on app-specific passwords as well as how to generate and use them can be found in the article linked below.
Using app-specific passwords - Apple Support
All my best