I have the same problem with iMessage and FaceTime activations on my iPhone 5, but only with my Apple ID that is used on multiple devices. I haven't upgraded my iPad to iOS 9 or my iMac to El Capitan, and iMessage was working well in 8.4.1 on my iPhone up until I upgraded last night. My wife's Apple ID is tied only to her phone, and both her iMessage and FaceTime are activated on her iPhone 4S now running iOS 9.
Seems like the cause of this issue was never completely addressed in the iOS 9 beta/developer forums, aside from all of the troubleshooting advice that has been referenced since iOS 8.
I have tried your advice, to no avail. I also have tried everything posted by D Cohen in the FaceTime activation thread Re: I can't login FaceTime where his suggestions included going through all of the following links, and in short everything from airplane mode/wifi activation to restoring the iPhone has NOT worked for me.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204408
iOS and OS X: Link your phone number and Apple ID for use with FaceTime and iMessage - Apple Support
If you get an error when trying to activate iMessage or FaceTime - Apple Support
http://www.igeeksblog.com/fix-imessage-waiting-for-activation/
Is there anything else we can do to get activation working?