I dont know if this is still relevant to any of you, but this is how I resolved it with v 6.2 icloud on windows 10 (but can still be relevant in other versions of windows). Before doing, read all of these instructions thoroughly, there are some additional notes to consider.
-These instructions are basically a grand wiping of products-
I uninstalled office completely with add/remove programs and then deleted "Office" and "outlook" folders in
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft
C:\Program Files (x86)
C:\Program Files
C:\Users\"yourusername"\AppData\Local\Microsoft
C:\Users\"yourusername"\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft
I removed every apple application(itunes, icloud, through add/remove programs and then deleted the Apple related folders I found in
C:\Program Files (x86)
C:\ProgramData
C:\Users\"yourusername"\AppData\Local
C:\Users\"yourusername"\AppData\Roaming
My suspicion is that in the C:\Users\"yourusername"\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook folder there is an OST that is corrupt and that is whats causing the error. You could just delete the corresponding account OST and try a repair, but I went with a full removal of products. You may consider otherwise if you use POP mail and have all of your mail downloaded to your machine. Id hate for you to lose your archived mail. If you keep a copy on the server, then no worries. My instructions are based off of office365 and exchange setups. Anyway, long story short, try removing the offending OST first in that instance. Ex: yourname@icloud.com.ost
Ill try to make myself available if you have more questions. Its a bit confusing, but I did get it to work this way.