I have a mid 2012 15" retina MBP as well. The fans run all the time at max speed after upgrading to el capitan, under certain circumstances. After spending a few days troubleshooting this issue, these are my findings.
Fans run faster only when I connect an external display.
Fans run faster only when I set the external display to max resolution/Default for display which happens to be 1920x1200 in my case.
Fans are quiet if I select any other resolution (eg. 1600x1000). At this resolution, the fans do not come on no matter what I'm doing on the computer including a webex meeting, Skype or screen sharing.
I used "Macs Fan Control" App to monitor fan speeds. The GPU Diode & PECI GPU temperature seems to go up as soon as I choose the higher resolution on the external display and the fans gradually run faster and faster until they reach max speeds. They gradually slow down as soon as I decree the resolution.
I use my laptop primarily for work with a external display always connected. This is really annoying me. This never happened before el capitan. I upgraded from Mavericks.