How do I use the keyboard to make the degree symbol?

If you look at Settings > Keyboard then look in the Keyboard tab, there is a check box for Show Keyboard, Emoji & Symbol Viewers in my menu bar

This may be useful for you?

It depends on your keyboard layout. Try Shift+Option+8; if that doesn’t work, enable the keyboard viewer and the input menu from the Keyboard pane of System Preferences and check it.

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