Probably apps running in the background are causing this, sometimes Mail get's stuck connecting to the mail server, or some social media app like Facebook can also be a reason for prolonged background activity.
Deleting the mail account and adding it back again after restarting the phone might work in case the Mail app is stuck. If you are using iCloud features like photo stream or sync mail and contacts to iCloud, try to switch iCloud syncing off, click on "yes" if asked if you want to keep the contact and calendar info on the phone. Restart the phone and enable iCloud syncing again and check the battery life.
If this does not help, setting it up as new device would be the next step:
How to erase your iOS device and then set it up as a new device or restore it from backups
Maybe also take a look at this page about battery drainage