How do I sync data from an icloud account on a laptop to an iphone 4s?

My old iphone 4s no longer turns on, as I dropped it in water. I am certain that I backed up my data (photos, contacts and music) with icloud, but when I transferred my old sim card into the temporary new iphone 4s (storage 8GB) none of my data transferred, even after I backed the new phone up. Does anyone have any idea how to do this? And if not, how do I sync the data on my icloud on the laptop to the new iphone 4s? Thanks