I had the exact same problem. Tracks would display and time would indicate the track was playing, but there was no sound. This happened immediately after updating to iOS 9.1 so I suspected an apple software problem. After fiddling with the controls and trying to reset the MMI - didn't really work - music started, right after I hung up with the Audi guy...then it didn't work the next day.
Today I did a hard reset on my iPhone 6 (IOS 9.1) and immediately it worked.
I might say I was streaming via bluetooth to a Viseeo Tune2Air 1000...couldn't hook up my phone directly due to the new plug incompatibility. My older iPad when plugged in worked immediately - before I tried the phone reset. I am sure it's an OS 9.1 issue... I was ready to downgrade to 9.0