Many Open Directory problems can be resolved by taking the following steps. Test after each one, and back up all data before making any changes.
1. The OD master must have a static IP address on the local network, not a dynamic address. It must not be connected to the same network with more than one interface; e.g., Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
2. You must have a working DNS service, and the server's hostname must match its fully-qualified domain name. To confirm, select the server by name in the sidebar of the Server application window, then select the Overview tab. Click the Edit button on the Host Name line. On the Accessing your Server sheet, Domain Name should be selected. Change the Host Name, if necessary. The server must have at least a three-level name (e.g. "server.yourdomain.com"), and the name must not be in the ".local" top-level domain, which is reserved for Bonjour.
3. The primary DNS server used by the server must be itself, unless you're using another server for internal DNS. The only DNS server set on the clients should be the internal one, which they should get from DHCP if applicable.
4. If you have accounts with network home directories, make sure the URL's are correct in the user settings. A return status of 45 from the authorizationhost daemon in the log may mean that the URL for mounting the home directory was not updated after a change in the hostname or in the file-sharing protocol (from AFP to SMB or vice versa.) If the server and clients are all running OS X 10.10 or later, directories should be shared with SMB rather than AFP.
5. Follow these instructions to rebuild the Kerberos configuration on the server.
6. If you use authenticated binding, check the validity of the master's certificate. The common name must match the hostname and domain name. Deselecting and then reselecting the certificate in Server.app has been reported to have an effect in some cases. Otherwise delete all certificates and create new ones.
In the case of a self-signed certificate, create a trust profile in Profile Manager and deploy it on the clients. On the server, you may need to create the folder
/etc/openldap/certs
and put a copy of the server's certificate in it; for example:
/etc/openldap/certs/server-name
Also add a directive to the file
/etc/openldap/ldap.conf
of the form
TLS_CACERT /etc/openldap/certs/server-name
7. Unbind and then rebind the clients in the Users & Groups preference pane. Use the fully-qualified domain name of the master.
8. Reboot the master and the clients.
9. Don't log in to the server with a network user's account.
10. Disable any internal firewalls in use, including third-party "security" software.
11. If you've created any replica servers, delete them.
12. If OD has only recently stopped working when it was working before, you may be able to restore it from the automatic backup in /var/db/backups, or from a Time Machine snapshot of that backup.
13. If there are slapd errors in the log, try the following steps.
Turn off Open Directory in the Server app.
Enter in a shell:
cd /var/db/openldap
sudo -s
db_recover -c -h authdata
db_recover -c -h openldap-data
Turn Open Directory back on.
14. Reset the password policy database:
sudo pwpolicy -clearaccountpolicies
15. As a last resort, export all OD users. In the Open Directory pane of Server, delete the OD server. In some cases, you may have to use the shell to delete the server. Then recreate it and import the users. Ensure that the UID's are in the 1001+ range.
