This just started happening to me in the last week or so. I'm guessing that it has something to do with Capitan.
When I type a search topic into the address/seach bar at the top of Safari, it shows about 10% progress and then hangs up. When I remove the "S" from https, it works fine.
The problem seems to be related to my internet connection. When using the wifi at my hotel, the hotel server uses a proxy to make sure that I've used a valid login. I think that Safari detects that it isn't making a direct, secure connection and that's why it hangs.
When using my switch at home (where no proxy is involved), the https google searches work just fine. That's why I believe that the problem is related to using a proxy.
It would be great if I could make it default to http for an insecure connection to google whenever I want. It's such a pain to have to dig through the address and remove the s every time that I do a search.