Both the old MacBook and the new MacBook Pro are running El Cap 10.11.2, and the configuration for both is identical as far as I can tell, same printer driver revisions and everything.
The printer is plugged into the TC via USB.
Basically for whatever reason the new MBP "loses" the printer at some point, sometimes being able to print one page, sometimes none before the CUPS log states the printer is not responding and the print status is "Filter failed."
The older, slower MacBook doesn't seem to have this issue.
Printing system has been reset and the printer deleted and added back many, many times.
I get the feeling that USB printer sharing may be somewhat flaky here; there's no IP address to ping as the printer is a USB-only printer connected to the TC.
You can tell when this is going to happen because the print dialog says the page is 57% or so printed, but then gets stuck and the printer actually does… nothing.
This printer is on the El Cap supported list.