Cannot say there is (or isn't) a few great ideas in search results found here:
• Fax OS X 10.3.9 Panther Fax setup and use -- DuckDuckGo search:
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Fax+OS+X+10.3.9+Panther+Fax+setup+and+use&t=ffsb
Some items look promising, but then I never did use Fax in my older OS X or MacOS
systems due to every call being a long distance high-rate charge. So, off to the US
Post Office was most often the route most things paper went. Or me, going in person.
One such example of found objects from search is this article from Peachpit:
• Sending a Fax - Faxing with Mac OS X Panther:
http://www.peachpit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=352321&seqNum=2
• Mac OS X 10.3 Panther Dialup Setup:
http://www.netdotcom.com/support/manual_setup/mac_osx_10-3_panther_dial_setup.ht m
• How to Send and Receive Faxes in Mac OS X Panther 10.3.9:
http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_6104350_send-fax-mac-computer.html
Good books, out of print or found second hand used, can be helpful to keep around to
for use with older computer models. Somewhere I have the "OS X: Missing Manual,
Panther Edition by David Pogue" plus some retail install discs, etc. And others. These
books are rather helpful because much is no longer available due to obsoletism.
Hopefully you can make it work. If the internal model isn't quite right you may need to
check the settings. I ended up getting an external USB modem for 56k v92 dialup but
did not use it for Fax. Lucky it worked at all, since it was mailed to me & rattled in box.
And I still have it. A better answer at the time was my AirPort Extreme 802.11b/g with
built-in 56k modem; it allowed mobile use via the dialup connection w/ fax capability.
{Still, I have a spare unused as-new officially Apple refurbished AirPort Extreme in box.}
Good luck & happy computing! 🙂