"I have a couple questions about what conditional format or formula I should use In a logbook.
Column A has "Night Landings", column B has "Night Time"
How can I have a cell in Column A be highlighted in red if a value is entered into A but nothing is entered into the corresponding cell in column B?"
What is the actual data in, say, A3 and B3, when data has been entered in both? Are both empty until data has been entered?
The formatting could be applied to a third cell, located either in column C, or in a separate table placed behind the main table to align with column B.
Here are examples showing both methods.

In this example, Column C is a new column inserted in the table to flag rows where one of the cells in columns A or B is filled and the corresponding cell in the other column is still empty. Text colour in the column is set to a light green for the example, but would be set to match the white background of the cell in practice. The conditional format rule fills the cell with red and changes the text colour to the matching shade of red when the cell contains FALSE.

The second method uses two tables. The image on the left shows BOTH tables, Main and Flag. The image on the right is a copy of Flag.
Main, on the left, contains only the data shown in dark text. The cell fill for column B is set to 'none', allowing column B of Flag, placed behind Main, to be seen through the transparent cells of Main.
The formula in Flag. column B is the same as the one in Column C of the single table above. Because it is referencing cells on a separate table, the table name (Main) is required as part of the address of each cell or range of cells being referenced.
As in the example above, the text colour in Flag::B would be set to match the white background of these cells, and the conditional format rule makes the same changes as in the example above.
Formulas:
Ex.1 C2: =ISBLANK(A)=ISBLANK(B)
Ex. 2
Flag::B2: =ISBLANK(Main :: A)=ISBLANK(Main :: B)
Regards,
Barry