Could I attach a USB Logitech Extreme 3D Pro gamepad to my MacBook Pro?

How old is the GamePad?

Google shows that the question was asked in 2006 but no answers

http://forums.logitech.com/t5/Steering-Wheels-Joysticks/How-do-I-connect-an-Extr eme-3D-Pro-to-Mac/td-p/3794

What OSX version on the Mac?

Based on Googling if Logitech does not provide driver they you will only be able to use Apple's built-in drivers.

Note that El Capitan tightened up drivers and you need drivers specially written for El Capitan. You can try posing in Logiteck's forum

http://forums.logitech.com/t5/Logitech-G-Controllers/bd-p/pcgaming