Q: Orientation

Make sure you have rotation enabled.

If the screen doesn't rotate on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support

Take a look at this article:

Get help with hardware features on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support

You can also try these steps: This won't delete your data stored on the phone.

• Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button
• Press and hold on the Home button
• Keep holding both buttons until the display turns off and back on with Apple logo on it.

Alternatively, you may go to Settings - General - Reset - Reset All Settings

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201559

Yes, the above information is correct and it will boot your iPhone into what developers call DFU mode which will reset your phone and all its settings that you  cannot access.

You don't mention what model of iPhone you have, or where you are attempting to get the screen rotation, but do note, that only the iPhone 6+ and 6s+ will rotate the Home Screen to landscape mode when turned. Every other model of iPhone will not.

Beyond that, rotation will be App dependant. Some will let you rotate others will not.

Yes, those should be rotate-able.

If you look at the top of your screen, do you see a small lock with a an arrow around it, next to the clock?