is it possible to share contacts between apple devices not sharing the same apple id

Depends entirely on which contact library you are referring to. There are many apps that store contacts.

If you mean the one built in to iOS, not easily.

Yes it is, you just have to use a service that is not iCloud.

For example https://fruux.com

Depending on your needs you may need to pay but you can test 2 basic users for free.

I use calendar sharing on that service, it is fine, they don't muck about like Apple & abandon access on older devices.

I think Google apps may also provide it too in the business plans as do many other email providers.