We said that we would attempt to get you going again without having to start all over. We can offer no assurance at all that this will work, since every situation and every modem is different.
If it does not work, then the only option that you will have left is to start all over again and setup the Time Capsule again from scratch....like you did the first time that you set it up originally after you took it out of the box.
There should be an Ethernet cable connectiing from one of the LAN <--> ports (there are probably 4 LAN ports on the modem/router) to the WAN "O" port on the Time Capsule.
Open up AirPort Utility, click on the Time Capsule and click Edit to display the tabs at the top of the screen again.
Click the Internet tab at the top of the window and make sure that the setting for Connect Using = DHCP
Click the Wireless tab and verify that the name of your wireless network appears correctly
Click the Network tab and make sure that the setting for Router Mode = "Off (Bridge Mode)"
Click the Disks tab and make sure that there is a check mark next to EnableFileSharing
Click the Update button at the lower right of the window and give the Time Capsule a full minute to restart
A green light on the Time Capsule would be a good thing to see.
Connect to the wireless network that the Time Capsule is providing and make sure that you can connect to the Internet that way. Check other devices as well. If you have any devices that are connecting to the Ethernet ports on the Time Capsule, check to make sure that those devices can get a good Internet connection as well.
Post back on your results and we will continue to get Time Machine set up again next.