Mac OS partition and Recovery Partition not showing up in startup manager

You should not mess with the Windows disk or partitioning, but when you do, do it only with BootcampAssistant.

Try to start in the commandline mode: hold CMD+s when starting up.

It will probably not start up in the command line mode, but when it does, it will start with a lot of text (white on black), when it stops at last, it should stop with a # character as last character. Then type:

sudo bless -mount /Volumes/Startup_Disk_Name -setBoot

and hit the Enter key;

replace the Startup_Disk_Name with the name of your disk name.

If your disk name has a space in it, put the entire path name between "": For example if your disk name is Macintosh HD the command should be:

sudo bless -mount "/Volumes/Macintosh HD" -setBoot

then type reboot

and enter.

Okay, dumb question, but did you try the commands w/o using sudo? If you're unfamiliar, all sudo does is elevate your permissions and you a) might already be a privileged user when in recovery or b) the shell used in recovery does not understand sudo because it's not installed/available.

Try the commands w/o using sudo; you may not need privilege elevation.

You can do it in Terminal, of course.

And as imminent says, try without the sudo, you never know.

The bless command was to set the startup disk, since it was not working to start in Mac OS.

The "missing" partition space is because you did use DiskUtility instead of Bootcamp, as I said in my first post; the space that you "miss" is really not visible because of that. Normally you solve to start over completely with erasing, new install, and so on: time consuming. There may be a possibility to work around that, but you should have that from someone with more knowledge with Bootcamp and the accompanying faults. I will send him a message. At least you can use both OS now.

I agree with Lex, you should not mess with any of the disk partitions with Windows Disk Management OR OS X's Disc Utility; you should only be partitioning your disk with Bootcamp Assistant. I say this because I did something similar; I messed up my MBR, made my bootcamp unbootable and wiped out my recovery partition by trying to increase the size of my bootcamp by using Disk Utility.

The only technique that worked to save my data and restore my system was backing up my Windows partition with Winclone, wiping out my bootcamp partition entirely, following these steps to restore my recovery partition, recreating my bootcamp partition from scratch, then fully installing windows fresh, all the way through the bootcamp drivers install, rebooting and restoring my Winclone backup over that fresh install.

If you don't care about your Win partition's data, fire up Bootcamp Assistant and it should ask you to remove the Win partition and let it do that; if it doesn't ask, use Disk Utility to wipe out the Win partition, giving the space back to OS X. Then go back into Bootcamp Assistant and let it re-setup your Win partition and reinstall.