The method of re-indexing folders or volumes is basically covered here:
• Spotlight: How to re-index folders or volumes - Apple Support
For a Terminal or command-line method of rebuilding Spotlight Index...
• Terminal 101: Rebuild the Spotlight Index on the Fly - TechRadar...
http://www.techradar.com/how-to/computing/apple/terminal-101-rebuild-the-spotlig ht-index-on-the-fly-1305684
Sometimes if there is ownership permissions issue, not resolved by repair, see:
• Troubleshooting permissions issues in Mac OS X - Apple Support
A rebuilt index can help the system find items faster, and may also aid
in your searching for saved content on the hard drive folder files, etc.
There may be something else that is causing the problem you cite above;
in that could require an extra effort in troubleshooting to find & resolve.
• Try safe mode if your Mac doesn't finish starting up - Apple Support
Sometimes to start in Safe mode can help, since that forces the OS X to
check and do some file repairs; then starts in a reduced mode to finish
troubleshooting a variety of issues that could be caused by other things.
Another possible issue may be in how the sharing content is set, between
the iPhone and the computer, or other devices that could use iCloud or
iTunes settings for better hand-off and other usage. Check into that angle.
As the time here is 1:30AM, I'm going offline... Been a long day.
Good luck & happy computing! 🙂