I have had the problem of not knowing my security question passwords, and don't have a rescue email on, but have also attempted to many times at my questions that it won't let me try anymore. I don't know how long it takes for them to reset, or why when i call apple support i was on hold for thirty minutes and still had nobody helping me.
iPhone 6
I don't know how long it takes for them to reset
They won't reset until Support resets them for you, they won't automatically reset.
You are using the number/link for Support for the country where you are (and which is therefore the country on your account) to get the questions reset ? i.e from If you forgot the answers to your Apple ID security questions - Apple Support :
If you can't send a reset email, don't have a rescue email address, or can't access email at your rescue email address, call us for help. When you call, you might need to create a temporary support PIN to verify your identity. After you reset your security questions, you might want to update your rescue email address.
If your country isn't on that ‘call us for help’ page then try this form to contact Support : https://www.apple.com/emea/support/itunes/contact.html
Security Questions
