I would even give you some more facts to grumble about : the only way I could get the "complete" view preferences window is when I do cmd+alt (or ctrl, I don't know)+ H and then, and only then cmd+J. Otherwise I still have the incomplete one. And safari 's still crashing.
It's cmd-shift-H, but irrelevant.
The reason it works is because that opens the Home folder without selecting any subfolders. The home folder is the focus, so it's view options are selected when you use cmd-j.
We have no way of seeing what you actually have opened when you Show View Options.
In your screen shot above, you have the Computer open, not your Home.
In the case of the two different results, they are different because different views have different View Options.
In List View, you can select the columns to see. In Icon View, you can choose the window background color, set grid spacing and icon size, etc. If you Show View Options, then change the View (without closing the View Options sheet), you'll see the options change.