Unfortunately this feature is not available in GarageBand.
In general, you have two option:
Adjust the audio to the steady beat ("Detect Tempo of selected Region") or adjust the tempo (create a Tempo map) for the existing audio. In your case, you usually do the last one.For that, you need to use the Beat Mapping feature in Logic. It is a little bit of an advanced feature and you have to read up on it to know how to use it.
Basically, you assign the tempo markers (bars, beats to the audio recording and Logic adjusts the Tempo Events accordingly

So, ready to upgrade to Logic yet?
Hope that helps
Edgar Rothermich - LogicProGEM.com
(Author of the "Graphically Enhanced Manuals")
http://DingDingMusic.com/Manuals/
'I may receive some form of compensation, financial or otherwise, from my recommendation or link.'