Can I look at Apple Photos as a file list?

Not in Photos if that is what you are asking. But if you have all of your photos stored in your Pictures folder for backup, then you arrange them in List order. Now, if you wish to delve into the Photos.library file then you can find a simple list.

1. Select Photos.library file in the /Home/Pictures/ folder.
2. CTRL- or RIGHT-click on the selection.
3. Click on Show Package Contents from the context menu.
4. In the window that opens you will find a folder named, Masters.

The Masters folder contains all your images which can be found in List order. However, the content of the Masters folder is arranged first in Year order folders, then by Month, then by Day, etc. There is no master list, however.