AirDrop from Mac to iPhone not working

Thanks for the quick response. I have tried this setting as well, but switch back to 'notmal' mode then. As I said, I havn't changed anything in my configuration. It worked. Now one way doesn't.

Problem solved! AirDrop does not work, if there are Contact cards that only have an email address but no name set and the email matches one of my iCloud email addresses. It seems that OSX tries to identify my devices using my Apple ID, but when it looks in the Contacts for who am I, it fails when the name is missing.

As soon as I deleted this "strange" contact card, my devices showed up immediately in AirDrop on my MBP.

Of course, I did not create such Contact cards myself. But the sync with my Office 365 Exchange account brings up a lot of these strange contact cards. OSX syncs the "recently mailed" list, which is hidden on the Exchange server. So even when I delete these contact cards, they start coming back as soon as I email them. Including my own email address.