The only change you need to make is how you find the filenames/URLs... then just add a loop.
I don't have Excel here, but this Numbers.app example should give you an idea:
use AppleScriptversion "2.4" -- Yosemite (10.10) or later
use scripting additions
tell application "Numbers"
set filenames to value of every cell of range "A1:A8" of table 1 of sheet 1 of document 1
set URLs to value of every cell of range "B1:B8" of table 1 of sheet 1 of document 1
end tell
repeat with i from 1 to count URLs
if (item i of filenames is not missing value) and (item i of URLs is not missing value) then
set thisFname to quoted form of (POSIX path of ((path to desktop) as text) & item i of filenames)
set thisUrl to quoted form of item i of URLs
set status to (do shell script "echo curl -s -o " & thisFname & space & thisUrl)
end if
end repeat
You can edit the cell ranges (... range "A1:A8"...) near the beginning to reflect where the data is in your spreadsheet. There is only minimal error checking (e.g. it checks against an empty cell, but doesn't validate whether the URL or filename is valid).
I think Excel should be pretty similar, except you might not need the '... of table 1' part since Excel doesn't go to that level.