Enter redemption code without app store

You cannot because the only way to download what you are redeeming is through the App Store. What you have complained about is your misunderstanding of what to do and why. You cannot install or reinstall any downloaded version of OS X purchased by another person on your computer. You must purchase your own copy. If you have purchased your own copy, then re-download it via the Purchases page in the App Store.

You cannot use Network Recovery on a Mac laptop from before 2011 or from 2011 if it shipped originally with Snow Leopard. Then you need the installer discs which you can purchase from Apple if they are still available.

There is no way to run the App Store application without a Mac. You also don't have Internet Recovery without a Mac laptop unless it is from 2011 or later.

As I stated you cannot use a copy of OS X downloaded by the prior owner under his/her Apple ID. You can give this a try since your model may be able to do Network Restore:

Install Lion Through Maverickson a New HDD/SDD

Be sure you backup your files.

1. Restart the computer and after the chime press and hold down the COMMAND-OPTION- R keys until a globe appears. Wait patiently - 5-15 minutes - until the Utility Menu appears.
2. Select Disk Utility from the Utility Menu and click on the Continue button.
3. After Disk Utility loads select the drive (usually, this is the out-dented entry with the mfgr.'s ID and size) from the side list. Click on the Partition tab in Disk Utility’s main window.
4. Under the Volume Scheme heading set the number of partitions to one volume. Click on the Options button, set the partition scheme to GUID then click on the OK button. Set the Format type to Mac OS Extended (Journaled.) Click on the Partition button and wait for the process to finish. Quit Disk Utility and return to the Utility Menu.
5. Select Reinstall OS X from the Utility Menu and click on the Install button.

[Permission to use part or all of the above has been granted by Kappy, exclusively, to theratter.]

This should install the original version of OS X that came with the computer when it was new if that was Lion. This won't work if it came with Snow Leopard originally. For that you will need any original discs that came with the computer when new.

One Idea: You could go to an Apple Store and have the Genius Bar install OS X for you.

A 2nd idea: You could use another working Mac, login with your Apple ID, download Lion, then use DiskMakerX (free) to create a bootable installer on an 8GB or larger USB thumb drive or USB disk.