OK, in theory. However, on my Manage your account page, when I click on devices there is no info on whether the device is trusted and can receive Apple ID verification codes, despite what the 2FA article says. That's one disconnect.
When I go to Settings>Apple ID>Devices>iPhone, it says "device is trusted and can receive Apple ID verification codes". So the only problem is that I'm not getting the codes, even though AFAIK I've done everything to ensure I can. My other devices get them.
Also, if someone has a minute, can you explain the logic behind the 6 digit verification code? If you've got the device and it receives the code and you enter it, what difference does the length of code make? Just seems like security theater, not actually enhancing security while increasing UI friction. Why not simply a yes and a no button?