Hi cyspider,
I understand you purchased additional iCloud storage and your credit card has been charged, but you are not seeing that the storage has been added. Did you receive an email from Apple regarding this purchase?
The first thing I would suggest is to restart your iPhone. Then tap General > Storage & iCloud Usage. In the iCloud section, has the "Total Storage" amount changed?
If the Total Storage has not been updated, the link below will get you in touch with the iTunes Store Support team. They will review your account with you and take action to resolve the issue.
Get help with an item purchased from the iTunes Store, App Store, Mac App Store, or iBooks Store
iCloud storage upgrades and downgrades
Take care,